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Dzogchen, the Great Perfection, is the highest meditative practice of the Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism. Approaching the Great Perfection looks at a seminal figure of this lineage, Jigme Lingpa, an eighteenth-century scholar and meditation master whose cycle of teachings, the Longchen Nyingtig, has been handed down through generations as a complete path to enlightenment. Ten of Jigme Lingpa's texts are presented here, along with extensive analysis by van Schaik of a core tension within Buddhism: Does enlightenment develop gradually, or does it come all at once? Though these two positions are often portrayed by modern scholars as entrenched polemical views, van Schaik explains that both tendencies are present within each of the Tibetan Buddhist schools. He demonstrates how Jigme Lingpa is a great illustration of this balancing act, using the rhetoric of both sides to propel his students along the path of the Great Perfection.
- Sales Rank: #1184866 in eBooks
- Published on: 2013-02-08
- Released on: 2013-02-08
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
"Works by one of the most celebrated figures of the Nyingma school, Jigme Lingpa, are the subject of a thorough analysis by Sam van Schaik in Approaching the Great Perfection. An important work for its breadth and attention to detail, it contains translations of ten texts from the widely practiced treasure cycle called the Longchen Nyingtig, as well as a survey of Nyingma history and Jigme Lingpa's corpus. It also includes a sustained examination of the tensions between simultaneous and gradual approaches to realization as reconciled in the combination of revelatory and ordinary writings found in the Longchen Nyingtig. Van Schaik's lucid explanation of the issues and technical vocabulary in the 'seminal heart', or nyingtig, teachings provide the reader with an essential framework for tackling the extensive primary source material found in this work." (Buddhadharma)
"A clear and methodical study of Jigme Lingpa's Treasure and Great Perfection teachings. The book serves also as a lucid introduction to Nyingma philosophy and practice, as well their relation to other trends in Buddhist thought and meditation." (Janet Gyatso, Harvard University)
"A stimulating contribution to the study of simultaneist and gradualist approaches in Buddhism by way of important new translations and lucid commentary. His insights into the philosophical content of Tibetan tantric literature, as well as into the boundaries between revelation and composition, illuminate the most significant tantric cycle in the Nyingma tradition of the last three centuries." (David Germano, University of Virginia)
"Translated here are all but one of the texts comprising the Dzogchen Longchen Nyingtig cycle composed by or revealed to Jigme Lingpa, in his time (the late 18th century) the most authoritative commentator on these practices since Longchenpa, and very firmly in the latter's distinctive Seminal Heart tradition. More than just a critical edition of these fascinating and definitive texts, van Schaik's introduction and analysis are quite substantive, teasing out the deep hermeneutical tensions in these works and by extension, the Great Perfection literature as a whole while highlighting Lingpa's skillful strategies for balancing the language of immanence found in the treasure texts with his overarching concern to portray enlightenment as a gradual process. Spanning dazzlingly poetry and partisan apologetics, this book presents a wealth of information on treasure texts, the relationship between the Dzogchen, Tantra, and the highest teachings of other Tibetan lineages, and the challenges of integrating the immediacy of experience with established philosophical tradition. Both Lingpa and van Schaik are to be credited with formidable accomplishments, impressive in scope and depth." (Altar magazine (Review by Joel Bordeaux))
About the Author
Sam van Schaik received his PhD in Tibetan Buddhist Literature from the University of Manchester, England. He currently works at the British Library's international Dunhuang Project in London, researching early Tibetan manuscripts, and is the author of Tibet: A History (Yale 2011).
Most helpful customer reviews
30 of 32 people found the following review helpful.
Fine analysis; great translations of Lingpa's Termas/works
By Neal J. Pollock
This is a wonderful (fairly advanced) book, on Dzogchen with considerable material on Mahamudra woven in (see below). It addresses Jigme Lingpa's "Longchen Nyingtig" cycle of Termas (Treasure Texts) including discovered texts, texts resulting from "pure visions" of 14th century Dzogchen master Longchenpa while Jigme Lingpa (18th century) was in retreat, and supporting texts authored by Jigme Lingpa. All but one of these texts has been included in both English and Tibetan. Van Schaik's introductory material focuses upon certain main themes: simultaneous vs. gradual approaches to Dzogchen (the Treasure Texts focus mostly on the former and the Supporting Texts mainly on the latter), the relationship of Jigme Lingpa to his contemporaries and with Vajrayana (Tibetan Buddhism) vs. Dzogchen vs. Mahamudra. His emphasis on gradualist approaches is explained as a practical approach and he attempts to reconcile the two. I don't think Lingpa totally succeeds in this, however. By taking a gradualist approach, he incorporates much basic Vajrayana material (including extensive preliminary practices) which are, at least on the surface, antithetical to the Dzogchen view (being dualistic, for example). He also uses the Mahamudra 12 stage descriptive process and provides parallels with other systems (e.g. the Prajnaparamita or Perfection of Wisdom sutras). The dichotomy between simultaneous and gradual parallels that between immanence (Buddha nature) & distinction (transcendence)-a situation not unlike that of the theistic Western religions. While Jigme Lingpa relies considerably upon his discarnate master Longchenpa (many quotes are provided), his emphasis upon Vajrayana practices goes way beyond, IMHO, that of Longchenpa (Longchen Rabjam)-as discussed by van Schaik.
Van Schaik has done us a great service in providing translations of these texts. The Termas include discussions of the mind vs. mind itself, wisdom/gnosis vs. emptiness (not the same), and use of symbols (p. 137: "the host of male and female bodhisattvas who are the pure senses, sense objects, and times"). The pure visions somewhat parallel the Termas (p. 168: "The original general ground is a state like the sky; the ground's manifestation, gnosis, is like clouds dispersing in the sky"). The supporting texts include a number of wonderful quotes for my collection such as:
pp. 209-10: "having distinguished between reflexive awareness (which is all-penetrating primordial wisdom) and mind (which is nescient conceptualization and delusive forms), you should maintain freedom from limits in the state of the vast spacious expanse of gnosis, without following after it. Through this, the imprints of the conceptual mind are purified, and errors and straying are cut off."
p. 236: "The agent of the recognition of thoughts and emotions should be put to one side without giving him any importance like the unconcerned disinterest of an old man watching a child at play."
p. 237: "Appearances, emptiness, and union are just words, names, and terms."
p. 238: "Even this Vajra song is like the play of optical illusions."
In summary, this is a book for the serious Dzogchen student to keep as reference.
18 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
A must have
By dharmaman
This book is a miles stone for the western understanding of the Longchen Nyingtig. The collection translated here is the entire Trechod section from the Longchen Nyingtig, though it does not include the Yeshe Lama which is the instruction manual for the Dzochen section. The Yeshe Lama has been translated as a restricted text and those who are seious about practice can find that translation else where.
What we have here is really a great first translation of very profound texts, truely heartdrops. My only problem with the traslations them selves is that tibetan words that have been standard for the seious student has been given western terms which I feel add confusion and is some cases become a distraction, for example the use of the word Gnosis over the term Rigpa.
Overall though this is really something amazing and should be purchased by anybody who is seious about the Nyingma trandition or Dzogchen. There is alot to work with in these translations!
12 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
Like holding Jigme Lingpa in the palm of your hands....
By applewood
I savored every moment of reading this wonderful collection of studies of and about Jigme Lingpa's (JL) life and teachings. Van Schaik skillfully presents JL's life and teachings within the context of the Nyingma Longchen Nyingtig Dzogchen lineage (JL's historical place as well as personal approach) with helpful, detailed introductory commentary (about 130 pgs) and clear translations of many of JL writings (the heart of the book with about 100 pages of 10 different "treasure texts", "pure visions" and "supporting texts"), concluding with about 70 pages of the transliterated Tibetan texts he worked from.
(By the way, as a note of clarification, the discussion that makes up the first half of this book is centered around the issue of "simultaneous and gradual methods of Dzogchen practice". Many of us Western students may fancy ourselves ripe for the "simultaneous" or intuitive approach since here we are drawn to study such a teaching as Dzogchen (although that evidence alone would rule out such an assumption!), but it may help to remember (and neither inflate or discourage our egos), that who JL considers the beings with the very sharpest faculties capable of the spontaneous approach are the rare ones like Garab Dorje, Indrabhuti and Padmasambhava... The rest of us (not yet liberated beings) are somewhere in the gradualist camp!)
I would think this text would by now be considered a classic for Western students of Dzogchen, as it combines Western scholarship of the highest order with the clear and direct blessing of Jigme Lingpa, one of Tibet's greatest masters. Just as Jigme Lingpa received so many of his blessings from the disembodied master Longchenpa, we have here a chance to meet, see and hear Jigme Lingpa. Ehmaho!
"In the dharmakaya, Samantabhadra,
There is nobody called Lama
And no scholar who teaches the doctrine of initiation.
In realizing your own mind as dharmakaya,
You obtain the initiations and oral transmissions of all the conquerors.
Grasping at transmission is just discursive thought."
(JL, pg 184)
"The heart essence of the teaching is not given out at the door;
It is necessary that the transmission of the truth descend into one's heart
Because of an attitude of devotion, accomplishment and perseverance."
(JL, pg 222)
"To the self-liberated ground, the Great Perfection,
I prostrate without the idea of bowing.
May I be blessed at this present moment with seeing
The face of the Great Perfection, genuine reflexive awareness, free from
the intellect."
(JL, pg 235)
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